Use the lateral radiograph (Figure 1) to determine whether frontal sinuses—just dorsal and cranial to the end of the neurocalvarium—are present. If gas-filled sinuses are not present, this …

he anatomy of the skull and nasofacial area of the dog and cat is complex, with cavities, sinuses, mandible, maxilla, dental arcades, and cranial cavity. In the 2-dimensional radiography image, …

The following radiographs are the left lateral view of the skull as well as dorsoventral, dorsoventral right-left oblique and dorsoventral left-right oblique views of the skull of a two-year-old Bernese …

May 27, 2016 · Various measurement parameters are used to group dogs based on skull morphology. The term dolichocephalic describes long, narrow-headed breeds, like collies and …

Common and important indications for radiography of the skull include nasal disease, dental disease, ear problems, cranial, facial or mandibular swelling, oral masses, exophthalmos and …

Radiography of the skull requires general anesthesia. This is the only way to obtain accurate projections. The different skull shapes are treated similarly for the basic projections. …

Radiographs of the skull allow evaluation of a number of clinical signs related to the skull, TMJ, and tympanic bullae. The images included in this article illustrate how to produce and evaluate …

May 27, 2016 · Skull fractures in dogs are not very common except for fractures of the mandibles. The superimposition of bones makes fractures difficult to demonstrate. Lateral oblique views …

This document provides radiographic images and descriptions of the canine skull and head anatomy, including ventrodorsal and lateral views showing structures like the mandible, …

The following radiographs are the right lateral view of the skull and neck as well as dorsoventral, dorsoventral right-left oblique and dorsoventral left-right oblique views of the skull of a ten-year …