The external and internal jugular veins are joined by the subclavian vein, which enters the right atrium of the heart as the cranial vena cava (Fig. 1). Figure 1: Dissection of the cranial thorax ...
Venous access is through the subclavian vein. Subcutaneous ICDs without leads have been available since 2012. Therapies are delivered in the form of anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) or shocks to ...
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