Indole metabolites produced by probiotic bacteria activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor important for immune cell regulation. Cancer patients with high plasma ...

Glycolic acid is a substance that chemically exfoliates a person’s skin by dissolving dead skin cells and oils. Glycolic acid may also help boost collagen production, and support skin moisture ...

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant breakthroughs in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, individual differences in efficacy have been observed in clinical practice. There ...

Here, we discuss discovery, mechanism of action, and the therapeutic potentials of an unusual antibiotic, indole propionic acid (IPA). IPA is produced by the human gut microbiota. The molecule is ...

We found that pyruvate kinase II (PyrKII) is essential for organelle maintenance, but that production of pyruvate by PyrKII is not responsible for this phenomenon. Enzymatic characterization of PyrKII ...

The role of glucose uptake on metabolism has been explored in vitro using immortalized brown adipocytes where siRNAs targeting Slc2a1 (GLUT1), Slc2a4 (GLUT4), Hk2 (hexokinase2), or Pkm (pyruvate ...