Mixed states can feel like chaos. This visual model breaks down how mood, energy, and thought shifts interact in bipolar ...

This note investigates the adaptive linear quadratic control problem (ALQCP) for stochastic discrete-time (DT) linear systems with unmeasurable multiplicative and additive noises. A data-driven value ...

This letter proposes a gain optimization design method for an interval observer (IO) of discrete linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. First, in order to describe the quality of interval estimation, a ...

This study proposes a comprehensive strategy to optimize the operation of real-world gas pipeline networks and support decision-making. The goal is to improve environmental sustainability by ...