Proteins are the end products of the decoding process that starts with the information in cellular DNA. As workhorses of ... amino acids capable of forming covalent bonds, which they do with ...

enzymes that normally work to create a transient gate in a DNA duplex by breaking both strands via a covalent protein-DNA complex that is then reversed to reseal the break. Topoisomerase II is a key ...

The genetic connections between DNA repair ... AppDNA complex with structures of other bacterial ligases captured as the binary LigA• NAD + complex (step 1 substrate), binary LigA• NMN complex (the ...

How did eukaryotic organisms become so much more complex than prokaryotic ... binding to the appropriate DNA strand, but also for interactions with other TFs, with proteins called coactivators ...