Changyou Chen, Ali Veshagh, A Wall Friction Model for One-Dimensional Unsteady Turbulent Pipe Flows, SAE Transactions, Vol. 102, Section 3: JOURNAL OF ENGINES (1993), pp. 798-809 ...

Over 50% of global pipes have been made of cast iron, and most of them are aging. In order to effectively estimate possibilities of their failures, which is paramount for efficiently managing asset ...