Holding pattern Small clusters of caesium atoms (pink blobs) were held in a vertical optical lattice. A laser then splits each atom into a quantum state in which half of the atom was closer to a ...

With the atoms cooled and confined, the researchers periodically switched the optical lattice off and on — expanding the atoms from a confined near-particle state to one resembling a wave, and ...

Wave geometry and optics Wave geometry and optics Wave geometry and optics Many incompletely understood phenomena lurk in the borderlands between physical theories - between classical and quantum, ...

First proposed by the French physicist Louis de Broglie in 1924 and expanded upon by Erwin Schrödinger two years later, wave particle duality states that all quantum-sized objects, and therefore ...