Researchers do not fully understand the causes of esophageal spasms. The current theories link the condition to irregular nerve activity in the esophageal muscles, exposure to stomach acids due to ...

This illustration is a lateral view of the brain stem. Note that cranial nerves V and VII arise in pons and IX, X and XII arise in medulla. In medulla, these nuclei are closely packed and can be ...

Background Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node metastasis used to be shown a predictor for poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ...

leading to improved bolus transit in patients with severe IEM. The results suggest a role for cholinergic nerves in the control of esophageal peristalsis.