The system architecture forms the backbone of an operating system, affecting its performance, stability, and scalability. Android is built on the Linux kernel and uses a monolithic architecture ...

To solve the drawbacks of the monolithic real-time kernels, the microkernel structure was introduced. The microkernel approach has been discussed for having disadvantages regarding performance. We ...

Unlike Android’s monolithic structure, the microkernel of HarmonyOS Next is lightweight, containing only essential functions like task management and memory allocation.