AR often occurs along with AS in patients with bicuspid aortic valve but can also occur secondary to aortic root dilation, aortic valve prolapse or as a consequence of leaflet damage as seen from ...

4 Supravalvular mitral ring is often associated with other congenital abnormalities including ventricular septal defect, subaortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta, parachute mitral valve and cor ...