We also constructed a spring-damper element model of the pneumatic actuators and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller system. The gains of the system were determined with a simulation ...

This paper presents an optimized mass-spring-damper (MSD) model of the fluidic system in liquid-circular angular accelerometer (LCAA). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is implemented to determine ...

This formalism consists of two fundamental equations. The first uses the Coulomb-Mohr law and a linear, one degree of freedom spring/mass/damper model to predict terrain shear rates from maximum ...