Presumably, the repeated exposure to acid and bile in the refluxate induces tissue injury in the lower esophagus, and the intestinal metaplasia that forms during the healing process likely ...

BACKGROUND Biopsy specimens obtained from the gastro-oesophageal junction can reveal intestinal metaplasia in patients presenting for routine upper endoscopy. The site of biopsy may play a critical ...

Definitions of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) among guidelines are inconsistent in terms of the minimum length of metaplastic mucosa and of the requirement of intestinal metaplasia (IM, often called ...