In simplified terms, facial growth is produced by the fusion of 2 maxillary, 2 mandibular, and an unpaired frontonasal process. A facial cleft results from incomplete or partial fusion of any of ...

Two-year-old Violet Pietrok was born with frontonasal dysplasia, a rare facial deformity that resulted in the widening of certain facial features, including the nose and space between eyes.

Violet Pietrok was born with a rare disorder that left deformities in her face. Now, the child is able to smile again, thanks in part to the help of 3D printers. Katherine C. Cohen/Boston Children ...