And that just took a few weeks, which demonstrates the remarkable plasticity of the gut nervous system, its ability to repair itself and respond in a condition.” Photo of Dr. Keith Sharkey The ...

While the enteric nervous system, referred to by some scientists as a “ second brain,” is a highly developed system of neurons that function independently of the brain, it’s not actually a ...

Host The host is under selective pressure to maintain a beneficial microbiota population throughout the intestine. To do so, the host can impose several ecological ‘filters’ that can shape the ...