houses the inferior alveolar nerve and accompanying blood vessels. Its inherent anatomical variability, which includes branching patterns, bifid formations and accessory pathways such as the ...

Notably, contemporary clinical protocols continue to affirm the role of autogenous bone grafts as the “gold standard” for alveolar ridge augmentation [7], while digital workflows enhance both ...

Decreased phallic size from hypoplasia of the penis is uncommon; it may be seen with severe forms of hypospadias and chordee. [45] The technical term, micropenis, refers to a penis that is ...

The accessory nerve provides motor function (movement) to two muscles essential to neck and shoulder movement, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and the trapezius, as well as to the larynx (voice box) and ...