This will give us insights on the basic topological structure guiding lots of networks in the coming trend of big data era. An adjacent vertex-distinguishing total k-coloring is a proper total ...

Abstract Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. The cozero-divisor graph of R, denoted by , is a graph with vertices in , which is the set of all non-zero and non-unit elements of R, and ...

For a simple undirected connected graph, if there exists a one-to-one mapping of the set of edges, which is labeled and the same for all adjacent vertices of the same degree in the graph, then it is ...

Key Features: Graph Representation: The graph is represented using an adjacency matrix, where 1 denotes an edge between two vertices and 0 denotes no edge. Color Assignment: The program uses a greedy ...

For example, an endpoint of a path is a zero forcing set for the path. In a cycle, any set of two adjacent vertices is a zero forcing set. Corollary 2.2 [1,5] Let be a graph and let be a zero forcing ...

This project implements a graph coloring algorithm using genetic algorithms. The goal is to color a given graph using a limited palette of four colors: blue, red, green, and yellow, ensuring that no ...