Researchers at European XFEL in Germany have tracked in real time the movement of individual atoms during a chemical reaction ...

Immediately after the Big Bang, which occurred around 13.8 billion years ago, the universe was dominated by unimaginably high ...

Since it has 1 more electron than protons, chlorine has a charge of –1, making it a negative ion. When ions form, atoms gain or lose electrons until their outer energy level is full. For example, when ...

How It Works The lifter flies using ion propulsion. The key is that one electrode acts as a sharp point and the other acts as a smooth edge. The thin wire is the sharp point. Mine is usually ...

Experiments were carried out to confirm the presence of chlorate ion (C1O₃⁺) in the treated water of utilities that use hypochlorination. Sixteen commercially produced, concentrated liquid ...

"The spontaneous formation of ion channels discovered in deep-sea hydrothermal vents has direct implications for the origin of life on Earth and beyond," says Nakamura.