The aforementioned phase transition in the HYPER model sees the mass of the mediator particle suddenly decrease with this change occurring after the formation of dark matter.

Particles go through a series of movements and arrangements. The more compact the arrangement is, the more solid it is. The kinetic particle theory describes this.

After decades of looking, researchers have seen a string of atoms go through a 1D phase change so elusive that it could only happen inside a quantum simulator. “One motivation [for our ...

Thus, equation (1) is akin to a quasi-particle theory: the coordination number z in equation (1) can be considered a coarse-grained average associated with ‘quasi-particles’ with free volume W.

Physicists with the U.S. Department of Energy have discovered a new phase of matter—and, with apologies to George R. R. Martin, it's something of "a song of ice and fire." The duo from the ...