When using rechargeable lithium-ion cells in large batteries, such as those in an electric vehicle, you encounter unique problems. Bus voltages greater than 100V preclude the use of a standard IC for ...

The circuit in Figure 2 uses one or two AA/AAA cells, which ensures testing irrespective of the value of the tested zener voltage to approximately 20 to 25V. The heart of the circuit is a Zetex LED ...