The meta-analysis included 23 studies of 35,722 patients who had a CIED implanted, including 18,009 who had subclavian vein puncture, 409 who had axillary vein puncture and 17,304 who had cephalic ...

If the vein is suitable in size/caliber but has questionable patency, consider placing an AV graft. Aside from the cephalic and basilic veins, other veins in the arm and hand are usable for IV access.