The Brighterside of News on MSN8d
Scientists engineer bacteria to replace fossil-fuel-based plastics
Plastics are deeply woven into modern life, valued for their strength, clarity, flexibility, and affordability. However, the production and disposal of these materials pose serious environmental ...
Nature3y
phosphate backbone
The phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar on one nucleotide forms an ester bond with the free hydroxyl on the 3' carbon of the next nucleotide. These bonds are called ...