There are various types of electro-mechanical actuators and sensors, including solenoids, motors, relays, and transducers. Solenoids are coils of wire that generate a magnetic field when current ...

An actuator’s preference is determined by the characteristics of affecting, for example, the valve types used, needed to the conditions and characteristics of the control system. Instators are ...

In this study, we consider the control problem of a hybrid actuation system that is composed of more than two different types of actuators. Even though actuators are one crucial component for ...

With the expansion of application range of quadrotors, high-performance safety flight is getting more attention, where the health of actuators is critical. However, based on the commonly used loss of ...