Overall, these three variables explained 39.4 percent of the individual differences in running economy—and the vast majority of that (27.7 percent) came from vertical oscillation.

While some degree of vertical movement when you run is obviously natural, too much or too little of it can lead to inefficiencies. If your vertical oscillation is too low, for example, it can ...

Background When executing vertical jumps a noticeable problem transpires in the efficient transfer of rotational energies of the trunk and the lower body segments into the largest possible vertical ...