It has therefore been assumed that the CVP is a good indicator of right ventricular preload. Furthermore, as right ventricular stroke volume determines left ventricular filling, the CVP is assumed ...

The hemodynamic changes that occur are complex; however, the ultimate result is a decrease in left ventricular preload. The most important use of the Valsalva maneuver is to distinguish the murmur ...

allowing for real-time adjustments to maintain optimal ventricular loading[2]. The results from in vivo tests showed that this system could effectively respond to changes in preload, enhancing the ...

In the setting of adequate preload, the pumped blood flow should remain stable because the pump rate is programmed, and the pump ventricle volume is set at a fixed level. To raise the pumped blood ...