Microscopic hematuria, in which the urine contains trace amounts of blood that are invisible to the naked eye. Microscopic hematuria accounts for 13% to 20% of urology referrals.

In 69 cases, patients' urine samples were not examined under a microscope before their urology referral. At the urologist's office, blood in the urine (a condition known as hematuria) was ...

Chronic bacterial infections of the bladder predispose an animal to forming crystals and stones by altering the urine chemistry, acting as a microscopic seed on which the crystal can start growing.