Researchers have developed a new tool for measuring velocities in a Bose-Einstein condensate superfluid and applied it to studying superfluid turbulence.

Additionally, T-type thermocouples were used to measure heat transfer. In a BFS flow, turbulence results in a separated shear layer, which is highly unstable due to the hydrodynamic instabilities.

The U.S. National Weather Service says that "vortex" refers to the counter-clockwise flow of air that helps ... be disrupted by factors such as natural turbulence, high-latitude ocean warming ...

J.S. Marshall & M.L. Beninati, External turbulence interaction with a columnar vortex with and without axial flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 540, 221-245 (2005). J.S. Marshall & M.L. Beninati, ...