Severe turbulence can cause injuries and unexpected flight diversions, as seen in a recent Delta flight emergency landing.

C. Borgnakke, G. C. Davis, R. J. Tabaczynski, Predictions of In-Cylinder Swirl Velocity and Turbulence Intensity for an Open Chamber Cup in Piston Engine, SAE Transactions, Vol. 90, Section 1: ...

The eddy dissipation rate (EDR), which is essentially turbulence intensity, associated with this route is 24.684. To put that into some context, that's 4 EDR greater than the second most turbulent ...