Tree anatomy, including leaf shape and twig parts, helps you identify and name tree species. Knowing a tree's physiology will help with identification.

Tree nutrition and physiology underpin the growth, health, and resilience of forest ecosystems. This field examines how trees acquire, assimilate, and utilise both macro‐ and micronutrients to ...

Bark textures are relatively uniform by tree species and make a great visual marker for broad tree identification. Textures are divided into at least 18 types, from smooth (beech) to spiny (locust).

We study how the lack of snow cover affects tree winter physiology, spring wakening and growth in Hyytiälä SMEAR II station. Soil temperature stays around zero Celsius degrees under snow cover, but ...