The heat source is the primary area where fluid is most prone to thermal cracking, as it is the area of the highest energy concentration in the system. Thermal cracking is prevalent at the ‘film layer ...

An international research team has proposed a novel photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module design that purportedly reduces the risks of cracking in the panel's PV unit. “A critical issue for PVT ...

1. Mass concreting practices were primarily developed for dam construction where thermal cracking was first identified. However, now mass concreting practices are used for large structural ...