The largest, however, is the Bialowieza Forest, the oldest temperate forest in Europe. Once covering much of the continent, there are over 350,000 acres of the 12,000-year-old forest remaining ...

European forests are increasingly turning brown in the course of hot, dry summers. In the scorching summer of 2022, Europe experienced more trees turning brown than ever, with 37% of temperate and ...

The increasing prevalence of woody liana species has been widely observed across the neotropics, but observations from temperate regions are comparatively rare. On the basis of a resurvey database of ...

Temperate forest plants are associated with heterogeneous semi-open canopy conditions shaped by large herbivores. Nature Plants, 2025; DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01981-3 ...

We quantified seasonal effects of understorey microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, canopy composition and topography (i.e., local factors) and the forest patch size and distance to the ...