The sympathetic nervous system, or SNS, refers to the central nervous system that governs the body’s natural fight-or-flight response, which is activated when we feel triggered by something ...

The sympathetic nervous system, which enables the fight-or-flight response, was thought to be present only in jawed vertebrates. Analysis of a jawless vertebrate suggests that this system might be ...

But there were also key differences. Compared with other vertebrates, the lamprey’s sympathetic nervous system formed much later in development and the clusters of cells were smaller.

Eerie Lampreys Hint at the Origins of Our ‘Fight-or-Flight’ Response and Sympathetic Nervous System The jawless, parasitic fish largely haven’t changed over the last 340 million years, but ...

Sama-vritti or an equal breath ratio, engages the parasympathetic nervous system and creates a relaxation response. This simple technique relieves stress, anxiety or agitation.

More information: Han-Kyul Kim et al, High Dietary Phosphate Intake Induces Hypertension and Sympathetic Overactivation Through Central Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling, Circulation (2025).