Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an invasive, diagnostic test that images blood flow in the retina. The technique uses sodium fluorescein, a fluorophore that fluoresces under blue light ...

Fluorescein angiography (FA) is a useful investigation in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal and choroidal disease. FA has well-reported adverse effects, most being mild. Very few cases have ...

Figure 1 (A) Typical fluorescein cap due to staining of supernatant plasma on fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography shows reverse fluorescein cap sign with an ...

Fluorescein Angiography (FA) is a technique that employs the designated camera for Fundus photography incorporating excitation and barrier filters. FA also requires fluorescein dye that is injected ...

Automatic segmentation of fluorescein leakage in fundus fluorescein angiography images is important in the clinical diagnosis of advanced diabetic retinopathy. Despite the recent success of ...

FFA typically showed fluorescein caps due to staining of supernatant plasma in the vascular malformations of ONH (figure 1 A). We observed a ‘reverse fluorescein cap sign’ with echolucent space in the ...