Figure 5-11. An example signal constellation for QAM. Another way of viewing QAM is to make a cross-correlation analysis (equation (5.71)) of the carriers used: cos (2 πfc t ) and sin (2 πf c t ).

An FSK modulation scheme with M = 2 is sometimes referred to as a binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) system. Commonly, the shape of the frequency functions is chosen to be smoother than square ...

Single-sideband (SSB) modulation: A method whereby information is transmitted using one sideband of the carrier frequency, thereby improving spectral efficiency and reducing redundancy.

This study presents a chip-scale acousto-optic phase modulation approach based on flexible PDMS for generating sub-MHz interleaved frequency combs for higher-resolution. When integrated with ...