Seasonal El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Dependencies of Methane Emissions From Wetlands Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Published: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024gl112084 ...

The Indian Ocean Dipole is a type of year-to-year climate variability, a bit like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, but in the Indian Ocean rather than the Pacific.

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) refers to the north-south movement of the strong westerly winds that blow almost continuously in the mid-to-high latitudes of the southern hemisphere.

The hydrothermal vent found in Indian Ocean. (Photo: NIOT) The Deep Sea Exploration and Imaging was conducted at a depth of 4500 m. (Photo: NIOT) ...