Understanding the geologic time scale and how to organize Earth’s history into a coherent timeline. MS-LS4-1: Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, ...

A study published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment reveals the existence of a 60-million-year cycle combining tectonics, biogeochemistry, and marine biodiversity. By ...

The geologic time scale divides Earth’s 4.6 billion-year story into grandly named chapters. Like nesting dolls, the chapters contain sub-chapters, which themselves contain sub-sub-chapters.