Previously, parasites have been found to accumulate in naturally occurring films that cover surfaces submerged in the ocean, Karen Shapiro, a veterinarian at the University of California, Davis ...

These parasites end up in waterways when feces from infected animals, and sometimes people, contaminate the environment. Subscribe to the Daily newsletter.

It showcases the ocean’s little-known creatures with more than 300 images taken during Smith’s research dives in over 23 countries. Richard Smith has taken photographs of underwater life all over the ...

At a dock at a beach, for instance, below the water the structure will be covered in living things in a sticky layer called a biofilm. In 2014, a study co-authored by Dr Shapiro found that biofilms in ...