A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes.

In this article, we discuss transformation, bacterial transformation in particular, and how scientists can utilize it to ...

Together, this complex shuts off gene expression to keep the plasmid safe within its bacterial host. This newly discovered mechanism offers a fresh insight into long-range gene silencing in bacteria.

"Around half of the bacterial taxa in the wastewater community could pick up the plasmids, giving us a detailed map of horizontal gene transfer events." The study also showed that RAM can be used to ...

Bacteria commonly produce toxins that are lethal to themselves, but also produce the required antitoxins. These toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems may be useful in modifying bacteria for biotechnology ...

Despite these advancements, the process is often hindered by the numerous centrifugation steps required to pellet bacterial cells and isolate plasmid DNA. These steps slow down the process of ...

MRSA can be converted into methicillin-sensitive bacteria. To induce exosome production in vivo, the authors demonstrated that by intravenous injection of a plasmid encoding all relevant genes for ...

Initially, the agrobacterium cell contains a bacterial chromosome and a Tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid). The Ti plasmid is removed from the agrobacterium cell, and a restriction enzyme cleaves the ...