a, A two-component (spin ↑ and ↓) Fermi mixture is confined in an external potential V(r) ∝ r 2 with the chemical potential μ ↑0,↓0 of each spin component (δμ ↓ is the shift for the ...

Using symmetry-breaking strain together with an in-plane magnetic field to tune the valley and spin polarizations of an AlAs 2D electron system at fixed density, we map out a spin–valley phase ...