Type 2, type 3, and type 4 hernias are called paraesophageal hernias. They are more likely to need surgical treatment. Your doctor may recommend surgery if your hernia is large, but the definition ...

A sliding hiatal hernia, the most common by far, occurs when the gastroesophageal junction protrudes above the diaphragm. A paraesophageal hiatal hernia occurs when a part of the stomach protrudes ...

Indications for the thoracic approach included paraesophageal hernias, recurrent hiatal hernias and previous upper abdominal surgery. Results There was no operative mortality. Immediate ...