The audio component centers around the SS8550 PNP transistor (Q1) which serves as a driver for the passive buzzer (BZ1). This ...

The 4- to 20-mA current loop is ubiquitous in the world of controls in manufacturing plants. Discrete logic, microprocessors, and microcontrollers easily cover the digital portions of control schemes, ...

Before such chips were available, I designed my own solid state circuit breaker for just such applications, and it still offers many advantages. The design uses two bipolar transistors, a P-channel ...

The complete circuit (Fig. 2) is powered by two AA batteries. Every n seconds (or even hours), the microcontroller decides to see if the battery level is over or under 2.2 V.

This microcontroller-based control circuit adjusts the speed of a small permanent-magnet DC motor to one of four speeds as selected by a pair of photosensors.

The TMPM380 MCU was specifically designed for the digital control of high-current circuits commonly found in industrial or appliance applications. Powered by a 40 MHz ARM® Cortex™-M3 processor core ...