We also discussed that the OSI layers are modular, protocols used by a layer can be swapped (sometimes during the actual data transmission). In real life these two things are accomplished using a ...

This process is called encapsulation. The header and data together ... TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation ...

However, you can sometimes see other encapsulation ... will utilize different signalling protocols at Layer 3 and Layer 2 of the OSI Model. Typically, at Layer 2, LAP-D (Link Access Procedure ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works ...

The third layer of the OSI Model, the network layer, is where most network engineers focus their time and expertise. As Darragh commented in my post on the data link layer, Layer 2 is cool but ...