The spine, or backbone, is a long column of bones that runs down the center of a person’s back. It is essential for many functions, such as movement, support, and protecting the spinal cord.

A little bit of curvature (kyphosis) in the thoracic spine is normal, but when it becomes excessive, as it often does in those of us who sit at a computer for most of our days, it can cause pain ...

Axial MRI of the Lumbar Spine - T2 weighted image at the L4 level. On this view centered over the L4-L5 disk, one can see well the cauda equina surrounded by CSF (note that CSF is bright on ...

Spinal cord functions include carrying signals between the brain and the rest of the body. This article covers the key anatomy of the spinal cord and its functions. It also provides some ...

Mid-Sagittal MRI of the Lumbar Spine. Left (T1-weighted image); Right (T2-weighted image). On this view centered over the lumbar spine, one can see all five lumbar vertebrae in addition to the sacrum ...

The question of whether an epidural or spinal is advisable after spinal surgery does not appear to have been studied systematically. What we know and how we practice is based on case reports, most ...

The spinal cord relays information to your brain and helps it carry out many critical functions, including the movements of your limbs. This article will break down the anatomy of the spinal ...

Cervical spinal alignment is most commonly lordotic, although a range of alignments may be considered normal, depending on the patient’s age and full-body posture. The cervical spine consists of ...