We propose a radix-4 modular multiplication algorithm based on Montgomery's algorithm, and a fast radix-4 modular exponentiation algorithm for Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) public-key cryptosystem ...

In parallel, advancements in RSA processor design have integrated sophisticated enhancements to Montgomery multiplication and modular exponentiation, delivering improved throughput and reduced ...

This paper proposes a method for protecting public key schemes from timing and fault attacks. In general, this is accomplished by implementing critical operations using "branch-less" path routines.