In microscopic urinalysis, medical professionals examine a small sample of urine under a microscope for abnormal crystals, bacteria, or cell types. Infections and kidney problems are the most ...

The test uses harmless bacteriophages embedded in the gel to locate target bacteria in a sample of fluid such as lake water, urine or a container of milk, even in low concentrations.

Compared with other methods, urine Gram stain moderately predicted gram-negative bacteria but added little value to UTI diagnosis in the ED, raising questions about its clinical utility.