In 2004, fifty years after Novikoff and de Duve observed lysosomes under the electron microscope, Noboru Mizushima and colleagues at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University tracked the formation ...

Lattice-gauge model is used to simulate laser-plasma interactions. An intense short-pulse laser impinges on a dense plasma slab and accelerates electrons in the plasma. In the relativistic regime, ...

It can also be implemented at other free-electron laser facilities, such as the next-generation MEC-U facility at SLAC, which combines high-power petawatt and high-energy kilojoule lasers with LCLS.