Liquid-model machines Liquid-model machines mix liquid coffee concentrate with hot water and show significantly lower diterpene levels as compared to paper-filtered coffee.

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These had the highest diterpene levels. Liquid-model machines: These mix liquid coffee concentrate with hot water and showed significantly lower diterpene levels—comparable to paper-filtered coffee.

“Brewing machines produce coffee from whole or ground beans in approximately [10 to 30 seconds], as the hot water mixes with the coffee and passes a metal filter,” the study noted. “Liquid ...

The researchers examined brewing machines -- which produce coffee in 10-30 seconds by passing hot water through ground beans and a metal filter; liquid-model machines -- which mix liquid coffee ...