And plant pathogens, ... Arpa Hudait conducted molecular simulations of protein interactions with water molecules to see how they affected the temperature of ice nucleation.

Sure there is some antifreeze made and impurities needed for ice nucleation are too. But, it would take one heck of a lot of antifreeze to supercool a plant for nine months.

Scientists first spotted biological ice nucleation in the 1970s when studying the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae, a plant pathogen that causes multiple diseases in crops.

Much of this loss is due to ice crystals breaking cell walls as temperatures drop below freezing (0°C). However, at these temperatures ice crystals need to form on something, usually a mineral surface ...

ICE, ICE BABY Pseudomonas syringae bacteria can freeze water at above-freezing temperatures, so they’re often used to help make artificial snow for ski slopes. Mr. Green/Shutterstock Share this: ...

Instead, ice crystals begin forming at tiny "nuclei" and spread throughout the body of water in a process called nucleation. Lower temperatures promote nucleation events and hence speed up the ...

“Ice nucleation is one of the most common phenomena in the atmosphere,” says Valeria Molinero, a professor of physical and materials chemistry. “In the 1950s and 1960s, there was a surge of interest ...