By increasing the amount of sulfamic acid within the pores of MOFs, the team successfully developed materials demonstrating high hydrogen ion conductivity (achieving levels of 10-1 Scm-1 or higher).

Neighboring hydrogen molecules (two bonded hydrogen atoms) clustered around the ion, in groups of a few molecules to over 60. The scientists also determined the geometric structures of the clusters.

Fig. 1 Coordination polymer glass This is a "coordination polymer glass" that has been developed as a solid electrolyte material with high hydrogen ion conductivity in an environment of zero humidity ...

Among ion sources, especially radio-frequency (RF) negative hydrogen ion source, it was listed as the reference scheme for plasma generation in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ...