“Lava tubes and caves would make perfect habitats for astronauts because you don’t have to build a structure; you are shielded from harmful cosmic radiation, so all you need to do is make it ...

These lava tubes should ideally be found anywhere in the universe near basalt volcanoes, like on the moon or Mars, but that notion has long been hypothetical — until now.

He said lava tubes provide ideal shelter from the intense conditions of space. "On the lunar surface, you get 13.8 days of sunlight, then 13.8 days of night—with temperatures ranging from 130°C ...

The lava tubes would also provide protection from the elements. They would be able to withstand cosmic rays and meteorites, but also provide a much more temperate environment than on the extremely ...