Not much, but enough to get that op amp down to zero with a reasonable load. Unlike other circuits he’s used in the past, this one is efficient. With a 5-volt input, it draws less than 1.5 mA.

While choosing an op-amp buffer for a new high-resolution single-supply DAC, a source of negative supply was considered because the buffer op-amp had to provide true zero voltage on its output. Wow ...

This reduces the output voltage of the op-amp, subsequently decreasing the laser intensity. The opposite behavior is seen with a drop in laser output power. This circuit was built on a breadboard ...

Here is the calculation: Suppose we want to calculate the maximum output current with ±V CC, and R as the resistor value, when the input voltage has a maximum value of V IN (MAX). Then: I MAX ...

Reliable Wire-to-Board Connections with Phoenix Contact CONNEXIS The simplest op amp comprises a few basic components: the input resistance, a gain element, and output resistance (Fig. 1a).